Whistleblowing
Office of the Public Interest Disclosure Commissioner
What do we do?
An effective public service depends on the commitment of everyone working within it to maintain the highest possible standards of honesty, openness and accountability. The Public Interest Disclosure and Whistleblower Protection Act creates a safe avenue for public servants to report wrongdoings or make complaints of reprisal. Employees covered by this legislation can choose whether to report internally or directly to the Public Interest Disclosure Commissioner.
We give confidential advice about disclosures of wrongdoing and complaints of reprisal. Employees can generally recognize when something is wrong. Deciding what to next is sometimes challenging. As a first step, we encourage you to speak confidentially with one of our investigators. The conversation and the advice provided are confidential. Employees are also protected from adverse employment action as a result of seeking this advice.
We also receive and investigate disclosures of wrongdoing and complaints of reprisal.
What entities are covered by the Act?
Public entities such as:
- an entity to which the Financial Administration Act applies (government departments etc.)
- the Island Regulatory and Appeals Commission,
- the Legislative Assembly,
- the Office of the Auditor General,
- the Prince Edward Island Human Rights Commission, and
- any other entity prescribed as a public entity.
Disclosures of Wrongdoing
What obligations do public entities have under the Act?
Public entities must establish procedures to manage disclosures made by employees and inform the employees about the procedures.
The procedures shall include provisions:
- for receiving and reviewing a disclosure, including setting time periods for action
- for investigating a disclosure in accordance with the principles of natural justice
- to protect the confidentiality of information collected in relation to a disclosure
- for reporting the outcome of an investigation of a disclosure
- respecting the management and disposition of records created or received in the course of managing or investigating a disclosure; and
- respecting any other matter specified in the regulations.
Disclosures can be referred to the Commissioner if it would be inappropriate for the public entity to manage or investigate the disclosure.
If the disclosure is investigated by the public entity, the Commissioner must be notified.
When an investigation is complete, the public entity must report to the Commissioner the following:
- the results of the investigation and any recommendations respecting the disclosure and any wrongdoing committed or about to be committed; and
- any steps that have been taken or will be taken within the public entity in response to recommendations.
Who can report a wrongdoing?
Employees of public entities can make disclosures of wrongdoing.
Who can receive a disclosure of wrongdoing?
We encourage employees to make a disclosure of wrongdoing to their Deputy Minister or Chief Executive Officer wherever possible. It is best practice to create an environment where disclosures are encouraged to allow the wrongdoing to be corrected at the earliest possible opportunity.
If you have tried to make a disclosure and are not satisfied with the response, you can contact the Commissioner. You can also make a disclosure directly to the Commissioner if you prefer.
What is a wrongdoing?
A wrongdoing is defined in the Act as the following conduct in relation to a public entity:
- the contravention of an enactment or an Act of the Parliament of Canada or any regulations made pursuant to it,
- the gross mismanagement of public funds or government assets,
- an act or omission that creates a substantial and specific danger to the life, health or safety of persons or the environment,
- directing or encouraging others to do any of the above.
When am I protected?
Public sector employees are protected from reprisal under the Act when they:
- seek information and advice from the Commissioner;
- report a wrongdoing to the designated officer within their organization or to the Commissioner;
- participate in an investigation by their designated officer or the Commissioner; and
- refuse to participate in wrongdoing.
How do I make a disclosure of wrongdoing?
Please send us an email or a letter with the following information and email it to us at info@ombudspei.ca
Your disclosure should include:
- your contact information and signature
- the name of the person or persons alleged to have committed or be about to commit a wrongdoing
- a description of the alleged wrongdoing, including the date on which it is alleged to have occurred or is expected to occur
- whether you have made a previous disclosure about the same matter and, if so, a copy of the disclosure and any documents related to it
You are required to take reasonable precautions to ensure that no more personal or confidential information is disclosed than is necessary.
Are disclosures confidential?
The following identities will be kept confidential (unless absolutely necessary to disclose):
- the employee
- the person alleged to have committed or about to commit a wrongdoing
- witnesses and other persons involved in the investigation
When can we refuse to investigate a disclosure?
- if more than one year has passed since the employee who made the disclosure discovered the information respecting the alleged wrongdoing
- if in the opinion of the Commissioner the disclosure,
- does not contain adequate particulars about the alleged wrongdoing to enable the conduct of a fair and effective investigation
- relates to a matter that could be dealt with more appropriately according to the procedures under a collective agreement or employment contract, or another Act, regulation or policy
- is frivolous or vexatious, has not been made in good faith, concerns a trivial matter or is not about wrongdoing
- relates to conduct resulting from a balanced and informed decision-making process on a public policy or operational issue
- the circumstances of the matter do not warrant investigation.
If we decide not to investigate, we will tell you and the public entity why.
What happens after I made a disclosure?
We will contact you to let you know we received your disclosure. We will want to speak with you to obtain details about the wrongdoing.
We will evaluate the complaint and decide whether we will proceed with an investigation. If we decide not to proceed, we will explain why.
What happens after an investigation is completed?
The Commissioner will
- produce a written report setting out the findings and reasons for those findings, and any recommendations that the Commissioner considers appropriate respecting the disclosure and any wrongdoing committed or about to be committed
- provide a copy of the report to the deputy head of the public entity, and
- notify the employee who made the disclosure that a report has been prepared and provided to the deputy head and provide the employee with any information respecting the report that the Commissioner considers appropriate in the circumstances.
Where the Commissioner made recommendations, the deputy head shall advise the Commissioner what steps have been taken or will be taken to implement the recommendations.
If the deputy head does not cooperate in an investigation or has failed to follow up as required, the Commissioner will report these failures to the head of the public entity or the Clerk of Executive Council.
The Commissioner may publish a summary of the investigation provided:
- it does not identify any person involved in the disclosure or investigation of the disclosure,
- there are no significant privacy interests of any person involved that would be negatively affected by publication of the summary, and
- there is a public interest served by the publication of the summary.
What obligations do public entities have under the Act?
Public entities must establish procedures to manage disclosures made by employees and inform the employees about the procedures.
The procedures shall include provisions:
- for receiving and reviewing a disclosure, including setting time periods for action
- for investigating a disclosure in accordance with the principles of natural justice
- to protect the confidentiality of information collected in relation to a disclosure
- for reporting the outcome of an investigation of a disclosure
- respecting the management and disposition of records created or received in the course of managing or investigating a disclosure; and
- respecting any other matter specified in the regulations.
Disclosures can be referred to the Commissioner if it would be inappropriate for the public entity to manage or investigate the disclosure.
If the disclosure is investigated by the public entity, the Commissioner must be notified.
When an investigation is complete, the public entity must report to the Commissioner the following:
- the results of the investigation and any recommendations respecting the disclosure and any wrongdoing committed or about to be committed; and
- any steps that have been taken or will be taken within the public entity in response to recommendations.
Who can report a wrongdoing?
Employees of public entities can make disclosures of wrongdoing.
Who can receive a disclosure of wrongdoing?
We encourage employees to make a disclosure of wrongdoing to their Deputy Minister or Chief Executive Officer wherever possible. It is best practice to create an environment where disclosures are encouraged to allow the wrongdoing to be corrected at the earliest possible opportunity.
If you have tried to make a disclosure and are not satisfied with the response, you can contact the Commissioner. You can also make a disclosure directly to the Commissioner if you prefer.
What is a wrongdoing?
A wrongdoing is defined in the Act as the following conduct in relation to a public entity:
- the contravention of an enactment or an Act of the Parliament of Canada or any regulations made pursuant to it,
- the gross mismanagement of public funds or government assets,
- an act or omission that creates a substantial and specific danger to the life, health or safety of persons or the environment,
- directing or encouraging others to do any of the above.
When am I protected?
Public sector employees are protected from reprisal under the Act when they:
- seek information and advice from the Commissioner;
- report a wrongdoing to the designated officer within their organization or to the Commissioner;
- participate in an investigation by their designated officer or the Commissioner; and
- refuse to participate in wrongdoing.
How do I make a disclosure of wrongdoing?
Please send us an email or a letter with the following information and email it to us at contactus@ombudspei.ca
Your disclosure should include:
- your contact information and signature
- the name of the person or persons alleged to have committed or be about to commit a wrongdoing
- a description of the alleged wrongdoing, including the date on which it is alleged to have occurred or is expected to occur
- whether you have made a previous disclosure about the same matter and, if so, a copy of the disclosure and any documents related to it
You are required to take reasonable precautions to ensure that no more personal or confidential information is disclosed than is necessary.
Are disclosures confidential?
The following identities will be kept confidential (unless absolutely necessary to disclose):
- the employee
- the person alleged to have committed or about to commit a wrongdoing
- witnesses and other persons involved in the investigation
When can we refuse to investigate a disclosure?
- if more than one year has passed since the employee who made the disclosure discovered the information respecting the alleged wrongdoing
- if in the opinion of the Commissioner the disclosure,
- does not contain adequate particulars about the alleged wrongdoing to enable the conduct of a fair and effective investigation
- relates to a matter that could be dealt with more appropriately according to the procedures under a collective agreement or employment contract, or another Act, regulation or policy
- is frivolous or vexatious, has not been made in good faith, concerns a trivial matter or is not about wrongdoing
- relates to conduct resulting from a balanced and informed decision-making process on a public policy or operational issue
- the circumstances of the matter do not warrant investigation.
If we decide not to investigate, we will tell you and the public entity why.
What happens after I made a disclosure?
We will contact you to let you know we received your disclosure. We will want to speak with you to obtain details about the wrongdoing.
We will evaluate the complaint and decide whether we will proceed with an investigation. If we decide not to proceed, we will explain why.
What happens after an investigation is completed?
The Commissioner will
- produce a written report setting out the findings and reasons for those findings, and any recommendations that the Commissioner considers appropriate respecting the disclosure and any wrongdoing committed or about to be committed
- provide a copy of the report to the deputy head of the public entity, and
- notify the employee who made the disclosure that a report has been prepared and provided to the deputy head and provide the employee with any information respecting the report that the Commissioner considers appropriate in the circumstances.
Where the Commissioner made recommendations, the deputy head shall advise the Commissioner what steps have been taken or will be taken to implement the recommendations.
If the deputy head does not cooperate in an investigation or has failed to follow up as required, the Commissioner will report these failures to the head of the public entity or the Clerk of Executive Council.
The Commissioner may publish a summary of the investigation provided:
- it does not identify any person involved in the disclosure or investigation of the disclosure,
- there are no significant privacy interests of any person involved that would be negatively affected by publication of the summary, and
- there is a public interest served by the publication of the summary.
Reprisals
When can I make a complaint of reprisal?
If you believe that, within the past year while you were an employee you were the subject of a reprisal, you can make a complaint. If you are no longer employed by the public entity you can still make a complaint – as long as it happened while you were employed.
Who can receive a complaint of reprisal?
Only the Commissioner can receive a complaint of reprisal.
What is a reprisal?
A reprisal is any measure that is taken, directed or counselled against an employee that adversely affects the employment or working conditions of the employee. Examples of reprisal include:
- dismissal, layoff, suspension, demotion or transfer
- discontinuation or elimination of a job
- change of job location, reduction in wages, changes in hours of work or reprimand
How do I make a disclosure of wrongdoing?
Please send us an email or a letter with the following information:
Your disclosure should include:
- your contact information and signature
- the name of the person or persons alleged to have taken, directed or counselled a reprisal against you
- a description of the alleged reprisal, including the date on which it is alleged to have occurred
- whether you have taken any other steps in relation to the alleged reprisal and if so, information about the outcome of those steps and any related documents
Are complaints confidential?
The following identities will be kept confidential (unless absolutely necessary to disclose):
- the employee (or former employee) who made the complaint
- the person alleged to have taken, directed or counselled another person to take (or direct) a reprisal
- witnesses and other persons involved in the investigation
What happens after I make a complaint of reprisal?
We will notify the public entity of the complaint and we will contact you for more information.
What can I expect once my complaint has been accepted?
We may ask you for more details and copies of documents that will help us understand your complaint.
What happens after the investigation is complete?
The Commissioner will
- produce a written report setting out the findings and reasons for those findings, and any recommendations that the Commissioner considers appropriate respecting the reprisal
- provide a copy of the report to the employee (or former employee), each person who is subject of an allegation of reprisal and the public entity as well as any other person the Commissioner considers appropriate
What kinds of results can I expect?
If your complaint is substantiated, the public entity shall take appropriate disciplinary action against any employee responsible for the reprisal and may take any other action recommended by the Commissioner. These actions could include stopping, reversing or remedying the effects of the reprisal.
When can I make a complaint of reprisal?
If you believe that, within the past year while you were an employee you were the subject of a reprisal, you can make a complaint. If you are no longer employed by the public entity you can still make a complaint – as long as it happened while you were employed.
Who can receive a complaint of reprisal?
Only the Commissioner can receive a complaint of reprisal.
What is a reprisal?
A reprisal is any measure that is taken, directed or counselled against an employee that adversely affects the employment or working conditions of the employee. Examples of reprisal include:
- dismissal, layoff, suspension, demotion or transfer
- discontinuation or elimination of a job
- change of job location, reduction in wages, changes in hours of work or reprimand
How do I make a complaint of reprisal?
Please send us an email or a letter with the following information:
Your complaint should include:
- your contact information and signature
- the name of the person or persons alleged to have taken, directed or counselled a reprisal against you
- a description of the alleged reprisal, including the date on which it is alleged to have occurred
- whether you have taken any other steps in relation to the alleged reprisal and if so, information about the outcome of those steps and any related documents
Are complaints confidential?
The following identities will be kept confidential (unless absolutely necessary to disclose):
- the employee (or former employee) who made the complaint
- the person alleged to have taken, directed or counselled another person to take (or direct) a reprisal
- witnesses and other persons involved in the investigation
What happens after I make a complaint of reprisal?
We will notify the public entity of the complaint and we will contact you for more information.
What can I expect once my complaint has been accepted?
We may ask you for more details and copies of documents that will help us understand your complaint.
What happens after the investigation is complete?
The Commissioner will
- produce a written report setting out the findings and reasons for those findings, and any recommendations that the Commissioner considers appropriate respecting the reprisal
- provide a copy of the report to the employee (or former employee), each person who is subject of an allegation of reprisal and the public entity as well as any other person the Commissioner considers appropriate
What kinds of results can I expect?
If your complaint is substantiated, the public entity shall take appropriate disciplinary action against any employee responsible for the reprisal and may take any other action recommended by the Commissioner. These actions could include stopping, reversing or remedying the effects of the reprisal.
Please make sure you have:
- a summary of the nature of the improper conduct
- the name of the person you believe is committing the improper conduct
- the time and place where the alleged improper conduct took place
- the full name, address and description of a person (if any) who witnessed the commission of the improper conduct.